School Life Experience of Male Nursing Students Reinstated at School after Military Service / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and describe the school life experience of male nursing students reinstated at school after military service. METHODS: The participants in the current study were 20 male nursing students from three universities. The data were collected in focus group interviews, and an inductive content analysis was performed on the data obtained from six focus groups. RESULTS: The content relating to the school experience of the participants was categorized into four themes: making a new start, facing challenges, trying to find one's place, and confusion about one's professional identity. CONCLUSION: Nursing education in Korea needs to be reconsidered, as it adheres to a gender-stereotyped identity. This study provides implications for improving the content and quality of nursing education.

Nursing Students' Perceptions of Meaning, Response, and Effective Methods for Debriefing in Simulation-based Education / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which an exploration was done of how nursing students perceive debriefing and what they think are the most effective debriefing methods for simulation-based nursing education. METHODS: A convenience sample of 296 sophomore, junior and senior nursing students from three universities and who had attended simulation classes participated in this study. Survey data garnered was analyzed using descriptive analysis and χ² test. RESULTS: A high majority of the participants (98.3%) saw debriefing as “learning from mistakes”, while 62.8% considered it more important than simulations/scenarios. They also perceived debriefing to be effective when they analyzed their colleagues'and their own performances and received feedback. Sophomore students preferred writing a reflection paper as an effective debriefing method compared to junior and senior students. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that debriefing is an important component of simulation-based education and should be considered part of the teaching strategies with debriefing methods dependent on themes and scenarios and what is needed to achieve learning outcomes.

Factors Influencing Intention to Quit Smoking in Korean Adult Smokers: Using 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to examine the impact of socioeconomic, health-related, and health behavioral factors on Korean people's intention to quit smoking. METHODS: The subjects were 851 men and 145 women, aged 19 or more who had participated in the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The intention to quit smoking was categorized as “within 6 months,”“after 6 months,” or “no intention”. The associations of the intention to quit smoking with sociodemographic, health related, and health behavioral factors were examined in a logistic regression. RESULTS: In male smokers, the number of diseases, perceived somatotype, vigorous intensity leisure activity, aerobic physical activity, and smoking intensity had a significant influence on the intention to quit smoking. In female somkers, the economic status, number of diseases, walking activity, and moderate intensity leisure activity were significantly influential on the intention to quit smoking. CONCLUSION: To increase male smokers' intention to quit smoking, it should be emphasized that smoking is harmful to. Moreover, special attention should be paid to low-educated female smokers to increase their intention to quit smoking.

Characteristics of Suicide Attempters Visiting Emergency Department / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of suicide attempters visiting emergency department in a general hospital located at local city. METHODS: To investigate the characteristics of suicide attempters, the medical records of 201 suicide attempters were reviewed with a structured analytic sheet. Data were analyzed using χ² test, two sample t-test, and oneway ANOVA. RESULTS: Among total of 201 suicide attempters, 114 (56.7%) lived in rural areas. 114 (56.7%) were men and most of them (71, 35.3%) lived in rural areas. 155 (77.5%) was the first trier and the most frequently used method was taking pesticides. There were gender and regional differences in the suicide-related characteristics of suicide attempters. CONCLUSION: The results provide empirical evidences to design and implement strategies at both macro and micro levels to prevent suicide.

Current Immunization Status and Factors Affecting the Influenza Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Patients

PURPOSE: The present study examines the current influenza immunization rate among kidney transplant patients in an effort to identify the factors influencing their decisions pertaining to the immunization. METHODS: Participants in the study included 150 adults over the age of 64 years who visited a General Surgery Department in Korea on April 2015, who had had a kidney transplant at least two years prior to the visit. We compared the characteristics of transplant patients who were immunized against those of the patients who had not been immunized. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 48.5±9.6 years, consisting of 87 males (58.0%) and 63 females (42.0%). The average post-surgery period was 91.0±59.0 months. Between September and December 2014, the immunization rate among these participants was 61.3%. Factors which influenced the participant's decision to get immunized in 2014 and drove up the immunization rate were: previous immunization in 2013 (OR=24.57, CI= 8.79-68.70, p<.001), marital status (OR=3.33, CI 1.05-10.56, p=.041), and awareness (OR=1.58, CI=0.99-2.52, p=.056). CONCLUSION: The current study found that the previous year's immunization record, marital status, and awareness increased the rate of immunization among the participants.

Nurses' Prejudice toward Foreigners: Focus Group Interviews / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and describe nurses' prejudice toward foreigners. METHODS: The participants in the current study were 16 nurses who had worked in university hospitals. Data were collected using focus group interviews and an inductive content analysis was conducted with three focus groups. RESULTS: The contents with regard to prejudice toward foreigners were categorized into three themes: prejudice formation, triggers of prejudice and prejudiced behaviors. The participants' prejudice toward foreigners as instigated by appearances, attitudes, or the national economic statuses of foreigners were added to the prejudice which had been formed previously. Prejudiced behaviors included discriminative attitudes, devotion withdrawal, defensive behavior, or derision. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that nurses may have positive or negative prejudices toward certain foreigners, which can affect their nursing practice. These findings also warrant the development of programs designed to increase awareness of and reduce nurses' prejudice toward foreigners.

Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Antibiotic Use in South Korea

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine public level of knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and potential drug resistance. METHODS: A cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 1,177 residents aged 18 or over was conducted in Korea. A quota sampling method was used. RESULTS: Most respondents (70%) did not know that antibiotics are ineffective in treating coughs and colds. Two-thirds of the respondents were unaware of the conditions under which antibiotic resistance occurs, despite understanding the concept of resistance. Lower education level and older age were independently associated with inadequate knowledge. Lower education level, older age, inadequate knowledge and no exposure to the education campaign were independently associated with poor attitude. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the general public has misunderstandings and a lack of knowledge with regard to antibiotic use, despite a national educational campaign. However, the campaign may have had an effect on the public's attitudes towards antibiotics.

Perceived Cognitive Function and Related Factors in Korean Women With Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore perceived cognitive function and its related factors in breast cancer patients that had received or were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. METHODS: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used in this study. A total of 118 women who had undergone or were undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery recruited from a convenience sample from a university hospital in Korea were included in the study. The attentional function index was used to measure perceived cognitive function while the linear analogue self-assessment scale was used to measure mood disturbance. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were done to determine possible predictors of perceived cognitive function in patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: Perceived cognitive function and mood disturbance had a mean score of 66.22 (SD = 13.43) and 159.78 (SD = 81.40), respectively. Mood disturbance was a statistically significant predictor of cognitive function in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer patients with mood disturbance may experience decrements in perceived cognitive function. Nurses should be aware of mood changes and its influence on perceived cognitive function in breast cancer patients.

Development and Evaluation of a Web-based Education Program on Appropriate Antibiotic Use in Korean Adolescents / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a web-based education program on appropriate antibiotic use and test the effects of the program on knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use in Korean adolescents. METHODS: The web-based education program was developed through an extensive literature review and professional advisory meetings including technical assistance from a web-based education programmer and content experts. A convenience sample of 851 students from middle and high schools participated in the assessment of effects of the program. Knowledge and attitudes of the students towards antibiotic use and satisfaction with the web-based education program were measured. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use following self-learning via the web-based education program in both middle and high school students. High school students demonstrated higher scores in knowledge and attitudes than middle school students. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that this web-based education program on appropriate antibiotic use is a convenient and effective medium for self-learning in adolescents. Therefore the web-based program should be put into wide use as an effective and convenient teaching method for health education in secondary schools.

Relationships of Lymphedema, the Shoulder Range of Motion, Fatigue and Social Support to the Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that are associated with the health related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 112 subjects were recruited from a cancer center at a university hospital by using convenience sampling. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires about HRQOL, fatigue and social support (family and medical team support). A trained research assistant then measured the subjects' shoulder range of motion (ROM) and the arm parameters for lymphedema. The data was analyzed using t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The HRQOL was strongly correlated with fatigue (r=-0.80, p<0.01). It was also positively correlated with family support (r=0.57, p<0.01) and medical team support (r=0.33, p<0.01). The HRQOL was significantly lower for the patients who had limited shoulder rotation. Fatigue and family support together explained 65% of the variance in the HRQOL for the patients with breast cancer, after controlling for education and income. Of them, fatigue uniquely explained 32% of the variance in the HRQOL. CONCLUSION: Fatigue was the strong predictor of the HRQOL. This result suggests that fatigue might be primary managed for improving the HRQOL of patients with breast cancer.

Effects of an Education Program for AIDS Prevention on Knowledge and Attitudes Towards AIDS among Male High School Students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an education program for AIDS prevention on knowledge about AIDS and attitudes towards AIDS/people with AIDS among male-high school students. METHODS: A research design used in this study was a randomized and non-synchronized control group pre-and-post test. The participants were 560 male students from five high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. In each school two classes were randomly assigned to each the experimental or control group. The contents of the education program for AIDS prevention consisted of six parts with a total of 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test with SPSS WIN program version 13.0. RESULTS: There were significant differences in knowledge and attitudes between experimental and control groups. The experimental group showed higher scores in knowledge and more positive attitudes than the control group. CONCLUSION: The education program was effective in increasing positive attitudes towards AIDS/people with AIDS among male high school students. Further application of the program with female students is needed before the results of the study can be generalized.

Psychometric Evaluation of a Need Scale for Cancer Patients Undergoing Follow-up Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a needs scale for patients with cancer undergoing follow-up care (NS-C). METHODS: A preliminary NS-C of 48 was derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. Content validation of the items was established by oncology physicians and nurses. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert scale. The preliminary NS-C and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status questionnaires were administered to 873 patients with cancer recruited from three university hospitals. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: From the factor analysis, 25 significant items in six subscales were derived. The subscales were named physical symptoms, diet and exercise, support, relationship with health professionals, treatment/prognosis, and keeping mind under control. The NS-C also established item convergent and discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from .90 to .92. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the NS-C is an easy, reliable and valid instrument to measure the needs of patients with cancer. Health professionals may use the NS-C for patients with cancer both in practice and research.

Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Antibiotic Use / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic use held by adolescents (middle and high school students) in Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 651 students residing in 5 major cities in Korea. The questionnaire was developed after an extensive literature review and professional advisory meetings. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi square test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Respondents correctly answered 6.23 antibiotic-related questions out of 15 questions. Two thirds of the respondents knew viruses caused most colds and coughs, but 80% did not know that antibiotics do not work against viruses. High school students' attitudes towards antibiotics were somewhat negative. More middle school students than high school students asked doctors for antibiotics for a cold. High school students did not check if antibiotics were included in their prescription for a cold. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use. CONCLUSION: Education programs on appropriate antibiotic use need to be developed for these students. Continual reinforcement and repetition of the contents are required to change attitudes.